Jimmy Buffett Died of Skin Cancer. What is Merkel Cell Carcinoma?
By: Afton Cobb, MD, FAAD
In the world of music, Jimmy Buffett is a name synonymous with laid-back tunes, tropical vibes, and a carefree lifestyle. However, Buffett's life took a decidedly more serious turn when he was diagnosed with a rare form of skin cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, four years ago. Unfortunately, Jimmy Buffett succumbed to his illness on September 1, 2023 at the age of 76.
In this post, I’ll shed light on what you need to know about Merkel cell carcinoma, as well as the importance of awareness and early detection.
What is Merkel Cell Carcinoma?
Merkel cell carcinoma, also known as Merkel cell cancer, is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that typically affects the sun-exposed areas of the skin. It is a neuroendocrine carcinoma that originates in the “Merkel cells,” which are found in the top layer of the skin. Merkel cell cancers affect approximately 2,400 patients in the United States per year, and the rate is increasing by about 8% per year.
Merkel cell cancers are known for their fast growth, high recurrence rates, and potential to spread to other parts of the body, which makes them more deadly.
What does Merkel Cell Cancer Look Like?
Merkel cell tumors can have a variety of appearance, but often appear to be firm, pink, red, or purple lumps or bumps on the skin. One tip off is that they don’t go away, and will continue growing. The growth typically doesn't hurt, however sometimes it can bleed or become ulcerated and form open sores.
What causes Merkel Cell Cancer?
The main risk factors for Merkel cell cancer are Merkel cell polyomavirus infection (which people are generally not aware of), chronic sun damage from exposure to ultraviolet rays (such as sunlight), fair skin, and a weakened immune system. Men are almost twice as likely to develop Merkel cell cancer, and the majority of patients are older than age 70.
How do you treat Merkel Cell Cancer?
The first step is early detection. Regular skin examinations with a board-certified dermatologist are beneficial in early detection and diagnosis of skin cancers. If a lesion is suspicious, the dermatologist will first take a small sample of skin (a skin biopsy) to confirm the diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, Merkel cell cancers are managed by a multidisciplinary treatment team composed of dermatologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, and medical oncologists. Depending on how advanced the tumor is, Merkel cell cancers are treated with some combination of excision, radiation, lymph node biopsies, lymph node dissections, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Buffett's Advocacy for Sun Safety
As a musician who has spent a significant portion of his career in the sun-soaked settings of beachside concerts and outdoor performances, Buffett's diagnosis serves as a reminder of the importance of sun safety. Prolonged sun exposure without adequate protection can increase the risk of skin cancers, including Merkel cell cancer.
Buffett has been an advocate for skin cancer awareness and sun safety, encouraging his fans to take precautions to protect their skin. His own journey with Merkel cell cancer reinforces the message that no one is exempt from the risks, regardless of their lifestyle or background.
The Importance of Early Detection
Buffett's openness about his cancer diagnosis also emphasizes the critical role of early detection in managing skin cancers. Regular skin checks, prompt reporting of any changes or abnormalities, and seeking professional medical advice are crucial steps in catching skin cancers early when they are most treatable.
Conclusion
Jimmy Buffett's journey with Merkel cell cancer serves as a poignant reminder that even those who seem to embody the spirit of eternal summer are not immune to health challenges. His advocacy for sun safety and openness about his diagnosis contribute to raising awareness about the importance of protecting our skin and seeking early medical attention.